Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder affecting movement, with symptoms often appearing subtly at first and worsening over time. While tremors are a hallmark symptom, other issues such as rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and balance problems are also common. People may also experience non-motor symptoms, including mood changes, sleep disturbances and cognitive decline.
Parkinson’s stems from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, specifically in an area called the substantia nigra. Dopamine plays a crucial role in transmitting signals that coordinate smooth, controlled movements, so its depletion results in the movement difficulties.
Recognising Early Symptoms
Parkinson’s disease can be tricky to identify early on, as initial symptoms are often mild. Some of the early warning signs include:
Tremors: Shaking, especially in the hands or fingers, is often the first symptom people notice.
Slowness of Movement (Bradykinesia): This makes it difficult to perform tasks quickly or effectively, even simple ones like buttoning a shirt or walking.
Muscle Rigidity: Stiffness in the limbs or neck that doesn’t go away can indicate PD.
Impaired Posture and Balance: A stooped posture and difficulty maintaining balance are also common signs.
Changes in Speech and Writing: People with PD might speak more softly or monotonously and may have trouble writing as their handwriting becomes smaller and cramped.
If you notice any combination of these symptoms, it’s important to seek a medical evaluation. Early diagnosis can make a significant difference in how effectively the condition is managed.
Causes of Parkinson’s Disease
While the exact cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unclear, research has identified several contributing factors:
Genetics – certain genetic mutations are linked to Parkinson’s disease, though these are more common in people with a family history of the condition.
Environmental triggers – exposure to toxins like pesticides, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals has been linked to a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s.
Age – Parkinson’s disease is more common in people over the age of 60, though early-onset cases can also occur.
Gender – men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s than women, though the reasons for this are unclear.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but many treatments can help manage its symptoms. The goal of treatment is to improve quality of life by addressing both motor and non-motor symptoms.
Medications
Most people with Parkinson’s are treated with medications that increase or substitute dopamine in the brain. These medications help control tremors and movement difficulties but may lose efficacy over time or cause side effects.
Surgical Options
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical option. DBS involves implanting electrodes into specific brain regions and using electrical impulses to regulate abnormal brain activity. While not a cure, DBS can significantly improve motor symptoms in advanced cases of Parkinson’s.
Physical Therapy and Exercise
Regular exercise has been shown to improve balance, flexibility and overall movement. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy can help individuals maintain their independence and manage daily activities.
When to Seek a Neurologist
While the journey with Parkinson’s is unique for every individual, early intervention and a well-rounded care plan make a real difference. it’s essential to consult a neurologist for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. Dr Dominic Paviour, an experienced neurologist, specialises in Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, helping patients better understand and manage their symptoms.
Book a Consultation with Dr Paviour for Parkinson’s Disease
Dr Paviour provides a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating Parkinson’s disease, from early symptom management to advanced therapeutic options. Book an appointment today for a personalised care plan.
